After the Fact:
Kenzō Tange Chair Pavilion
... another experiment in architectural fact-making
Kenzō Tange Chair Pavilion
... another experiment in architectural fact-making
Type: Installation
Site: Cambridge, MA
Date: 2022
School: Harvard University, Graduate School of Design
... with Sam Hanson Sheffer, McCloy Leonard, Kate Robinson
Site: Cambridge, MA
Date: 2022
School: Harvard University, Graduate School of Design
... with Sam Hanson Sheffer, McCloy Leonard, Kate Robinson
This project proposes the insertion of an architectural fact-making device—a wall—in dialogue with the Kenzō Tange Chair Pavilion, American Architecture (Model).









De Facto Providence:
Sites, Publics, and Assemblages
... an advanced option studio
Sites, Publics, and Assemblages
... an advanced option studio
Course: Advanced Option Studio
Site: Providence, RI
Date: 2025
School: Rhode Island School of Design
Site: Providence, RI
Date: 2025
School: Rhode Island School of Design
This studio asked students to extrapolate de facto systems in order to propose new architectural facts for the city of Providence.
De facto is a legal term for a set of prevalent practices that have not been formally recognized. These informal practices often come about by way of publics—or rather a collective body that chooses to forego standardization practices in favor of something more... informal. De facto architecture, therefore, can be understood as spatial assemblages that have achieved a dominant urban status by way of public persistence.
Approaching the city of Providence as an urban laboratory, students will identify sites within the “Knowledge District” for experimentation and propose architectural facts in order to produce de facto public spaces. Rather than focusing on a single typology, program or site, the studio will work collectively to address a range of public spaces, varying in scale, within Providence’s Knowledge District.
De facto is a legal term for a set of prevalent practices that have not been formally recognized. These informal practices often come about by way of publics—or rather a collective body that chooses to forego standardization practices in favor of something more... informal. De facto architecture, therefore, can be understood as spatial assemblages that have achieved a dominant urban status by way of public persistence.
Approaching the city of Providence as an urban laboratory, students will identify sites within the “Knowledge District” for experimentation and propose architectural facts in order to produce de facto public spaces. Rather than focusing on a single typology, program or site, the studio will work collectively to address a range of public spaces, varying in scale, within Providence’s Knowledge District.


De Facto Providence:
Sites, Publics, and Assemblages
... a de facto exhibition
Sites, Publics, and Assemblages
... a de facto exhibition
De facto is a legal term for a set of prevalent practices that have not been formally recognized. These informal practices often come about by way of publics—or rather a collective body that chooses to forego standardization practices in favor of something more... informal.
In sticking with this theme, the studio hosted a “de facto” exhibition on Moore Terrace, a public outdoor space on the RISD campus.
In sticking with this theme, the studio hosted a “de facto” exhibition on Moore Terrace, a public outdoor space on the RISD campus.
















John Akomfrah:
Listening All Night to the Rain
... the Great British Pavilion at the 2024 Venice Art Biennale
Listening All Night to the Rain
... the Great British Pavilion at the 2024 Venice Art Biennale
Type: Exhibition Design
Site: Venice, Italy
Date: 2024
... with Jessica Reynolds of vPPR Architects and the British Council for the Arts
Site: Venice, Italy
Date: 2024
... with Jessica Reynolds of vPPR Architects and the British Council for the Arts
- Featured on the Architectural Association Website
- Featured on the Harvard Graduate School of Design Website
Exploring post-colonialism, environmental devastation and the politics of aesthetics, Listening All Night To The Rain is Akomfrah’s boldest and most ambitious commission to date. The exhibition brings together eight interlocking and overlapping multimedia and sound installations into a single and immersive environment that tells stories of migrant diasporas in Britain. The exhibition tells global stories through the ‘memories’ of people who represent migrant communities in Britain and examines how multiple geopolitical narratives are reflected in the experiences of diasporic people more broadly.











Chris C.M. Lee + Golden Lane
... a conversation on type
... a conversation on type
Type: Interview
Date: 2022
School: Harvard University, Graduate School of Design
Publication: PAIRS 03
Date: 2022
School: Harvard University, Graduate School of Design
Publication: PAIRS 03
For issue 03, I spoke with Chris about Alison and Peter Smithson’s 1953 proposal for Golden Lane, an urban housing competition for the city of London. A series of 16-story high slab buildings linked by a network of “streets in the sky”, the proposal focused on four distinct scales: the house, the street, the district, and the city. Although never built, the proposal for Golden Lane became the ideological predecessor to Robin Hood Gardens and challenged post-war housing typologies in England. What followed was a conversation about type, housing as infrastructure, architecture’s capacity to engender new social conditions, and most notably—architects and their enduring ideological projects.
... read more
... read more
